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Objective A rat model of chronic post-thoracotomy pain is used to study whether acute pain and pre-operative diffused noxious inhibitory controls(DNIC) can predict chronic pain and how DNIC changes when pain maintains.Methods Rats were randomly divided into three groups:naive group,sham group and model group.DNIC was constantly assessed in individual rats,along with each animal's mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia after thoracotomy.Results In model group,the incidence of chronic post-thoracotomy pain was 55%(11 of 20),which was named CPTP group,and the other 9 rats without chronic pain was defined as non-CPTP group.The pre-operative DNIC was significantly weaker in CPTP group with lower mechanical threshold on 6 days after surgery and higher cold sensitivity on 6 days after surgery comparing with non-CPTP group.In the acute pain phase (day 3),DNIC was decreased in both CPTP group and non-CPTP group as compared with pre-operative period.Besides,DNIC was recovered in non-CPTP group while kept impaired in CPTP group on 21 days after surgery.Conclusions Pre-operatively assessed DNIC efficiency and acute post-operative pain intensity were two independent predictors for CPTP.DNIC was decreased both in acute pain and chronic state,while returned to normal when pain sense was normal.
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Objective To compare the effects of levosimendan (Levo) and recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods Seventy-five patients were included into this randomized positive-controlled and parallel-group study to receive either Levo (Levo group), rhBNP (rhBNP group) or dobutamine therapy (control group). Heart rate, respiratory rate, 24-hour urine volume,improvement in six-minute walk-test after 72-h treatment were compared between three groups. The blood level of BNP and values of left ventricular end dia?stolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after one-week treatment were compared between three groups. Results After 72-h treatment, heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly decreased, and 24-hour urine volume, six-minute walk-test were significantly increased in three groups (P0.05), but the LVEDD was improved barely (P>0.05). The improvements were more significant in Levo group and rhBNP group compared to those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differenc?es in improvements between Levo group and rhBNP group. The common adverse reactions were hypotension and ventricular premature beats. There were no significant differences in adverse event rates between three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion As compared with dobutamine, Levo and rhBNP have optimized efficacy, fewer side effects and good safety in the treatment of ADHF. They are worth of clinical application.
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Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative determination of glyphosate in serum using ultraviolet spectro-photometry(UV) to provide basis for clinical diagnosing and treating glyphosate poisoning .Methods The mixture of 0 .5 mL serum and 0 .2 mL 10% methanol solution of perchloric acid was shocked and centrifuged with 10 000 r/min for 5 min .A nitrosyla-tion reaction conducted on supernatant and 50 μL serum nitrosylation liquid was detected by UV scanning .Results The results of serum theophylline absorption maxima was(243 ± l) nm and the concentration of 10 .0-60 .0 μg/mL range linear regression equa-tion was Y=0 .0173 8X+0 .036 3(r= 0 .999 8) .The recovery rate was from 85 .5% to 102 .4% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was from 3 .50% to 4 .90% .The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3 .79% -5 .10% and 3 .88% -4 .55% .The minimum de-tectable concentration was 5μg/mL .Conclusion This method is simple ,rapid and accurate results for detecting glyphosate poison-ing .
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Objective To review the surgical methods and mid-term results of mitral valve repair in pediatric patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR).Methods 132 children with moderate to severe MR,aged (18.9 ± 7.2)months,weighted(11.3 ±4.8) kg.The etiology for mitral regurgitation is congenital heart disease in 126 cases,infective endocarditis in 5 cases and Marfan syndrome in 1 case.Mitral valvuloplasty(MVP) was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass under moderate systemic hypothermia.The methods of MVP included annuloplasty,annuloplasty ring,cleft closure,reconstruction of posterior leaflet.The coucomitant cardiac anomalies were treated at the same time.The results of repair were evaluated by saline injection test and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during operation.Results Intra-operative TEE results: 131 cases had none to mild MR,and only one case had moderate MR.The patient underwent second repair immediately,subsequent TEE was mild.Mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was (80.0 ± 31.1) minutes.Mean aortic clump time was (48.0 ± 17.9) minutes.The in-hospital mortality was 2.3％ (3 cases died).One died of heart failure on postoperative day 7,the other died of low cardiac output syndrome resulting on postoperative day 2.Another one was large ventricular septal defect(VSD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH),died of pulmonary infection.Mean postoperative ventilation time was (34.4 ± 31.9) hours,and mean postoperative inhosptial time was (9.0 ± 5.4) days.The average follow-up period was (40.5 ± 8.3) months (2 to 74 months).122 cases were fully followed up.Echocardiography showed that moderate MR was in 7 patients,and 3 patients had severe MR.4 patients underwent re-do mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement.There was no late death.The overall survival rate at 5 years was 97.7％ and the overall freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 92.0％.Conclusion Pediatric patients with moderate to severe MR need early surgical treatment,the early and mid-term results were satisfactory.Individualized treatment protocol based on specific pathology was the keypoint of surgical therapy.
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Objective To summarize our clinical experience of surgical treatment for pediatric patients with ventricular septal defect(VSD) and mitral regurgitation(MR).Methods A retrospective study was performed including consecutive 84 patients with VSD and MR receiving mitral valvuloplasty(MVP) and VSD closure from January 2006 to January 2012 in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital.All patients were associated with pulmonary hypertension(PH,32-85 mm Hg).The diameters of ventricular septal defects were between 0.7 and 1.6 cm.Echocardiography showed that trivial MR (+) in 9 cases,mild MR (++)in 18 cases,moderate MR(+++) in 33 cases,and severe MR(++++) in 24 cases.VSD closure and MVP were performed with cardiopulmonary bypass under moderate systemic hypothermia.The results of repair were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during operation.Results Intra-operative TEE results: no residual shunt of VSD,none MR in 80 cases,residual trivial MR in 4 cases.Mean Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was (84.6 ± 18.5) mins.Mean Aortic clump time was(50.8 ± 11.5) mins.Mean postoperative ventilation time was (38.7 ± 30.2) hours,and mean postoperative inhosptial time was(10.5 ±4.6) days.The in-hospital mortality was 1.2％ (1 case died).78 cases were fully followed up.There was no late death.Echocardiography showed that none MR in 62 cases,trivial MR in 10 cases,mild MR in 4 cases,moderate MR in 2 patients.The overall freedom from reoperation at 5 years was (97.4 ± 1.8) ％.Conclusion Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension need early surgical repair.MR was treated at the same time of VSD closure could effectively improve the surgical outcome of pediatric patients with ventricular septal defect and mitral regurgitation.
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Objective To realize the simultaneous control of two laboratory instruments by a computer. Methods On the basis of analysing the mode of communication between computer and laboratory instrument, the author expanded the computer's COM interface through the USB / COM converter. Results The author realized a computer controlling MP280 CLIA chemiluminescence analyzer and anthos 2010 enzyme tester at the same time. Conclusion User can use computer's USB interface and USB / COM converter to achieve controlling multiple instruments and equipments at the same time, as long as the communication interface of equipment is open. This method has preferable potential application.